The Social Issue Of Racism - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1637 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/02/05 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Racism Essay Did you like this example? The social issue of racism is one of the biggest problems facing the world and has been for ages. Racism is discrimination against a group solely based on race. Racist people believe that they are superior to the other races. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Social Issue Of Racism" essay for you Create order Discrimination against races can happen to any race; however, in America it occurs most often against African Americans. For hundreds years, African Americans have been oppressed and discriminated against. Racism is a theme in many books, movies, poems, and other pieces of art. To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee and the Bible are two examples of books with racism as a theme. The lessons we learn about racism in To Kill a Mockingbird parallel the second part of Jesuss greatest commandment to love your neighbor as yourself. The history of racism in America started when the colonies were founded. Slavery came to North America in the early 1600s. The colonist needed free or cheap labor on their fields. Slavery became a way of life in North America. For years, people rebelled against slavery but the slave industry continued to grow. In 1831, a man named Nat Turner led one of the most well known rebellions against white slave owners. He gathered many slave recruits and murdered 60 white slave owners. This rebellion got peoples attention and exhibited a want for change. In the 1830s, the Underground Railroad began its efforts to help slaves reach freedom. Many African Americans and whites helped with the Underground Railroad. They helped free thousands of slaves. In 1861, the Civil War occurred. The Civil War was a battle between the North and the South. The Confederate States of America formed when eleven southern states tried to secede from the Union. The election of President Abraham Lincoln, the first republican president, prompted the southern states to try to leave the Union. In 1862, Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation freeing all slaves in the United States. Despite the fact that the South lost the war and that the government abolished slavery, people’s hearts did not change. Whites continued to discriminate against blacks. In 1896, this attitude of hate led to the Jim Crow Laws and segregation began. Segregation is the idea that people are separate but are still equal. This caused even more tension between whites and blacks. African Americans in the 1930s experienced lots of racial discrimination. Violence became even more common. The Ku Klux Klan, a racial hate group, tried to scare African Americans from voting and speaking out against the oppression. The Ku Klux Klan was founded in 1866 and is still continues today. Unspeakable racist violent acts were performed by the Ku Klux Klan. The KKK murdered, lynched, and destroyed the lives of many black people. Ku Klux Klan members were white supremacists who could not except African American as equal citizens. The worst part is, many people supported this group. In the 1920s, the KKK had around 4 million members. In the 1930s, the Great Depression affected everyone in the United States but the African Americans were greatly impacted. In many cities, African Americans were fired so that the businesses could hire unemployed whites. Segregation was also still very prominent. African Americans had separate churches, bathrooms, schools, and water fountains. Many of these separate facilities for colored people were rundown and not as nice as the white facilities. There were many rebellions against the Jim Crow Laws but it wasn’t until 1964 that the Civil Rights Act was created. The Civil Rights Act made it illegal to discriminate against any person regardless of race, religion, and gender. To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee is about discrimination against race. Jean Louise Finch, Scout, and Jem Finch are the children of a lawyer named Atticus Finch. The story is narrated by Scout. In the small town of Maycomb, Alabama, the citizens are suffering through the Great Depression. In the beginning of the story, Jem, Scout, and their friend, Dill, are intrigued by a spooky house in their neighborhood. The house belongs to local recluse Boo Radley. Although no one really knows Boo, he described almost monster-like. Jem says, Boo was about six-and-a-half feet tall, judging from his tracks; he dined on raw squirrels and any cats he could catch, thats why his hands were bloodstainedif you ate an animal raw, you could never wash the blood off. There was a long jagged scar that ran across his face; what teeth he had were yellow and rotten; his eyes popped, and he drooled most of the time.† (Lee 16) Later in the book, Scout attends school for the first time and hates it. She is exposed to racism and sexism in the school. Later in the book, Tom Robinson, an African-American man, is accused of raping a white women. Atticus Finch decides to defend him. Due to this, the Finch family suffers ridicule from racist whites. Tom Robinson faces many hardships including almost being lynched by white supremacists. When the trial finally arrives, Atticus proves to the jury that Tom Robinson is innocent. Mayella Ewell, the women accusing him, lies about Tom Robinson because she felt guilty when her father caught her coming on to Tom. Mr. Finch proves that the wounds on Mayella’s face were not from Tom but from her father. Despite clear evidence to the contrary, the truth did not change the all-white jury’s decision. Ultimately, the jury convicts Tom Robinson. Tom is put in prison but later tries to escape. He is shot and killed. Bob Ewell, Mayella Ewell’s father, tries to get revenge on Atticus for making a fool of him. He attacks Jem and Scout. Luckily Boo Radley is there to save them. Despite their preconceived beliefs about Boo, this teaches the kids learn not to judge someone without knowing them. Scout learns how to be a sympathetic and kind person. She experiences rac ism but learns that it is caused by uneducated hatred. Scout and Jem grow as people and learn that the hardships they have faced should not sway them away from being good people. There are many examples of racism in To Kill A Mockingbird. Three of these are when the citizens call African Americans the n-word, two white people falsely accuse a black man of rape, and an all-white jury convicts a black man despite evidence that he is innocent. An example of derogatory language against African Americans is when Mrs. Dubose says to Jem, â€Å"Your father’s no better than the niggers and trash he works for!†(Lee 229). In the book, Mayella and Bob Ewell accuse Tom Robinson of rape. Mayella Ewell was embarrassed because she was flirting with Tom and her father caught her. She said that Tom raped her to cover it up. During the trial, Atticus Finch proves that Tom Robinson did not rape Mayella Ewell. The all-white jury still sentences him to prison. Racism in this book is very prominent. Those are just three examples of the many racist events that happen within To Kill a Mockingbird. Harper Lee grew up during a time of racism and segregation. She also lived in Alabama where racism was very prominent. To Kill A Mockingbird is not an auto-biography but there are aspects of the book that are similar to what Harper Lee could have experienced. Born in 1927, Lee grew up during the Great Depression and during the middle of segregation. The book is set during the Great Depression and in the middle of segregation. During the time the story was set, the main character Scout would have been around the same age as Lee. The book is also set in Alabama which is where Lee was born. Scout ends up learning that racism and sexism are based on uneducated hatred. She learns to do the right thing even though everyone else is not. Atticus Finch defends Tom Robinson out of the goodness of his heart. In this process, he teaches both Scout and Jem to love everyone. Scout, Jem, and Atticus are the protagonists of the novel. They are the heroes. They set an example for the rest of world. The protagonists are against racism and the antagonists are racist. The fact that Lee’s heroes are against racism shows that Lee is also against racism. If she was racist, the antagonists would not be racist because they are the enemies. To Kill A Mockingbird shows us that racism and hatred are unacceptable and you should always choose love. The Bible is used by many as a guide to how we should live. God created us to live in community and accept each other. The Bible calls for us to love our neighbor no matter what. In Matthew 22:37-39, Matthew says, â€Å"He (Jesus) said to him, ‘You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your mind.’ This is the greatest and first commandment. And a second is like it: ‘You shall love your neighbor as yourself.’† (Sparks Bible NSRV 1087) Your neighbor is not just the people that live on your street; your neighbor is everyone living on Earth. Loving everyone is what God wants for us. Racism is a sin. It is unkind and unacceptable. God loves all his children. He doesn’t care if they are black, white, or brown. He loves us just the way we are. The Bible and To Kill a Mockingbird show us that racism is wrong. These pieces teach us that we need to love even if it isn’t easy. You can’t follow what everyone else is doing. You must always do the right thing. Loving means getting to know people and accepting them for who they are. There is no place for hate and judgements based on fear. God made us all different and he wants us to love each other.

The Ethics Of The Amazon Work - 1315 Words

Success can often be seen as the amount of money a company makes, the new and unique ideas it can create, and through the reputation it builds with its customers’. However, success can also be seen in a way a company values its customers, through their mission and vision, and especially the way they treat their workers. â€Å"At Amazon, workers are encouraged to tear apart one another’s ideas in meetings, toil long and late, and held to high standards the company boats are unreasonably high† (Kantor and Streitfeld, 2015). There are not necessarily standards by which employers and businesses HAVE to treat their workers, but it seems like there is an ethical problem in the Amazon work place according to this article. In this paper we will look at†¦show more content†¦This isn’t necessarily a bad idea, if the articles of faith and guidelines to live by were fair, ethical, and remotely rational. Some of his management ideas stick out more than others. â€Å"Of all of his management notions, perhaps the most distinctive is his belief that harmony is often overvalued in the workplace — that it can stifle honest critique and encourage polite praise for flawed ideas† (Kantor and Streitfeld, 2015). Bezo expects his workers to tell other co-workers exactly what they think about their ideas, and believes that even being rude and hurtful will help steer clear of faulty ideas. The P-O-L-C framework seems to be found within the Amazon articles of faith and guidelines, but I’m not sure it is accurately played out how it should be. The leading and controlling aspects of this framework seem to be skewed in Bezo’s way of thinking. It seems like he just has the same standards for everyone in the organization and doesn’t look at their individual personalities. The controlling part of the organization also seems irrationally harsh on his workers. It also seems like the big five personality traits would be discouraged except for neuroticism, because workers would be too timid to be open, extraverted, and agreeable. Conscientiousness might be a strong personality trait for these people, but it seems like it would be a forced personality trait. These personality traits can be super beneficial to the work place if people brought their own

Kafka and his Portrayal of Characters Essay Example For Students

Kafka and his Portrayal of Characters Essay Kafkas Portrayal of CharactersFranz Kafka, born on July 3, 1883 in Bohemia, in the city of Prague, has been recognized as one of the greatest writers of the twentieth century. Virtually unknown during his lifetime, the works of Kafka have since been recognized as symbolizing modern mans distress and distorted alienation in an unintelligible, hostile, or indifferent world. None of Kafkas novels were printed during his lifetime, and it was only with reluctance that he published a fraction of his shorter fiction. Kafka went even as far as to request that his unprinted manuscripts be destroyed after his death. His friend, Max Brod went against his wishes and published his works, although many were unfinished (Sokel 35). Kafka came from a middle-class Jewish family and grew up in the shadow of his domineering shopkeeper father, who impressed Kafka the ultimate father figure. The feeling of impotence, even in his rebellion, was a syndrome that became a pervasive theme in his fiction. Kafka did well in the prestigious German high school in Prague and went on to receive a law degree in 1906. He soon found a job at the Assicurizioni Generali Insurance Company in 1907 but soon left, due to the lengthy hours and intolerable conditions. Later in 1908, he began working at the Workers Accident Insurance Institute, where he would work most of the rest of his life. He regarded this job as the essenceboth blessing and curseof his life (Gray 78).He would work most of the rest of his life, although only sporadically after 1917, and in June 1922 he was put on temporary retirement with a pension (Gray 81-84). This job, although not great had short hours, and so allowed him time to think and write. In 1911, he was as ked by his father to take charge of his brother-in-law Karl Hermanns asbestos factory, which took up a lot of his time until 1917 and literally almost drove him to suicide (83). Kafka spent half his life after 1917 in sanatoriums and health resorts; his tuberculosis of the lungs finally spreading to the larynx. Throughout his life, Kafka wrote during times he felt frustrated, either by a love, his family, or his sickness (Sokel 133). Kafkas method of relief from these frustrations was through his writing (133). Kafkas coarse relationship with his father dominates his thoughts in life and his works. In the two works, The Metamorphosis and The Judgement, the image of a father is almost God-like. Until these works, Kafka had sought to escape from his father in his writing, only to find him dominating in all his work (157). Samsa Sr. who had part in his sons sudden change into an enormous bug, and Bendemann Sr. who was omnipotent and omniscient, sentences his son to death. In both works , the father-son relationship is described with bitterness. Kafka wrote his father a confession, lacerating letter over 15,000 words long (Flores and Swander 26) and sent it to his mother to give to his father, of which, his father never received. His relationship with Fraulein B. that lasted from 1913 to 1917, and his engagement to Julie Whoryzek, the daughter of a synagogue janitor, exacerbated problems with his father. His father was horrified by his engagement to a janitors daughter, and offended Kafka by saying he would have to sell the family store and emigrate to escape the shame to the family name by Kafkas engagement. In his three stories, The Judgement, The Metamorphosis, and In the Penal Colony, the son-figures are all guilty of original sin. The self-effacement of the son is shown: Georg Bendemann and Gregor Samsa have replaced the father as practical head and breadwinner of the family, and the condemned man on the prison-island has rebelled against military (paternal) a uthority (Anders 174). The Judgement emphasizes the sons offense, the fathers anger, and the punishment that follows swiftly (180). In The Metamorphosis it is not referred to as an offense, and the metamorphosis is not punishment, it is just simply stated at the beginning (183). Once Gregor changes into a beetle the size of a human being and gradually starves to death is when we see how he is punished when he in fact supported his family. In The Penal Colony, punishment is seen when a man is killed slowly in twelve hours by engraving a sentence into his flesh with a complicated system of vibrating needles (184). Kafkas writing demonstrates his attempts to offset his morbid masochism (Oates 5). Most people think of the terms Kafkan and Kafkaesque refer to his dark tales, but in reality these terms stand for Kafkas cloudy, mysterious, inexplicable method of writing (6). According to Roy Pascal, author of Kafkas Narrators: A Study of His Stories and Sketches, There is a good deal of hu mor in these early stories, as in the novels and later stories, but it is often ambiguous and can be overlooked (40). Kafka was subtle with humor and preferred to use irony as a method of levity (41). In Kafkas short story entitled, The Judgement, written in 1912, we see one of the unusual uses of irony by Kafka. The central figure, Georg Bendemann, has just gotten into a long and somewhat heated argument with his aging and infirm father. Suddenly Georgs father threw the blankets off with a strength that sent them all flying in a moment and sprang erect in bed. Only one hand touched the ceiling to steady him (Flores and Swander 134). The transformation of the sick father to a grotesque ogre (157) is not only shocking but comically so. Georgs father goes on to kick and yell at Georg extensively. Through this entire barrage and beating from his father the only thought that pops into Georgs head is he has pockets even in his shirt (148) referring to his fathers nightshirt. In The Metam orphosis, Kafka points out the irony of just how far the people involved have fallen out of touch with reality. The reader sees how Gregor brings home the money for his family. Gregors goes from the head of the household to an incompetent beetle. Gregor Samsa, even after his metamorphosis, cannot conceive the possibility of being trapped in his shell, and trying to get out of bed, get dressed, and go to work. Because it is literally a beetle on a bed, the result is hilarious. The reader laughs but realizes at the same instant the Gregor Samsa in now literally as well as figuratively trapped. In his new context, he becomes passive, and disconnected from the reality that he once was a part of. Gregor Samsas beetle body makes an attempt to move: he hears his sisters playing the violin and he promises himself that she will play only to him, and that he will even take advantage of his situation and use his ugly body to ward off anyone who tries to take her from him. He drags his body in to the room where his sister is playing and succeeds in disgusting everyone present; he dies soon after. The huge beetle lumbering about is at once funny, horrifying and sad (Ward 1). Kafka constructed his work from his personal biographical data of his life to comment upon his writings and his writings to comment upon his life (Flores and Swander 228). In the letter to his father he calls the Kafka family situation that terrible trial that is pending between you and ourselves. He also writes about the infinite sense of guilt which his father had instilled in him, adding, He is afraid that the shame of it will outlive him (Rolleston 105). Here he quotes the last sentence of The Trial. Kafkas works are full of commentaries about his own life, his own views, his own perspectives. He deliberately removes the line between truth and fiction. Tongue in cheek, Kafka used his life as blueprints for his works. In doing so, he has played one of the strangest and most daring games a writer eve r had played(Pascal 137). By telling of his life as a fable and commenting about his own style, he raised himself to the level of literature.Kafkas Portrayal of CharactersFranz Kafka, born on July 3, 1883 in Bohemia, in the city of Prague, has been recognized as one of the greatest writers of the twentieth century. Virtually unknown during his lifetime, the works of Kafka have since been recognized as symbolizing modern mans distress and distorted alienation in an unintelligible, hostile, or indifferent world. None of Kafkas novels were printed during his lifetime, and it was only with reluctance that he published a fraction of his shorter fiction. Kafka went even as far as to request that his unprinted manuscripts be destroyed after his death. His friend, Max Brod went against his wishes and published his works, although many were unfinished (Sokel 35). journalism EssayKafka came from a middle-class Jewish family and grew up in the shadow of his domineering shopkeeper father, who impressed Kafka the ultimate father figure. The feeling of impotence, even in his rebellion, was a syndrome that became a pervasive theme in his fiction. Kafka did well in the prestigious German high school in Prague and went on to receive a law degree in 1906. He soon found a job at the Assicurizioni Generali Insurance Company in 1907 but soon left, due to the lengthy hours and intolerable conditions. Later in 1908, he began working at the Workers Accident Insurance Institute, where he would work most of the rest of his life. He regarded this job as the essenceboth blessing and curseof his life (Gray 78).He would work most of the rest of his life, although only sporadically after 1917, and in June 1922 he was put on temporary retirement with a pension (Gray 81-84). This job, although not great had short hours, and so allowed him time to think and write. In 1911, he was asked by his father to take charge of his brother-in-law Karl Hermanns asbestos factory, which took up a lot of his time until 1917 and literally almost drove him to suicide (83). Kafka spent half his life after 1917 in sanatoriums and health resorts; his tuberculosis of the lungs finally spreading to the larynx. Throughout his life, Kafka wrote during times he felt frustrated, either by a love, his family, or his sickness (Sokel 133). Kafkas method of relief from these frustrations was through his writing (133). Kafkas coarse relationship with his father dominates his thoughts in life and his works. In the two works, The Metamorphosis and The Judgement, the image of a father is almost God-like. Until these works, Kafka had sought to escape from his father in his writing, only to find him dominating in all his work (157). Samsa Sr. who had part in his sons sudden change into an enormous bug, and Bendemann Sr. who was omnipotent and omniscient, sentences his son to de ath. In both works, the father-son relationship is described with bitterness. Kafka wrote his father a confession, lacerating letter over 15,000 words long (Flores and Swander 26) and sent it to his mother to give to his father, of which, his father never received. His relationship with Fraulein B. that lasted from 1913 to 1917, and his engagement to Julie Whoryzek, the daughter of a synagogue janitor, exacerbated problems with his father. His father was horrified by his engagement to a janitors daughter, and offended Kafka by saying he would have to sell the family store and emigrate to escape the shame to the family name by Kafkas engagement. In his three stories, The Judgement, The Metamorphosis, and In the Penal Colony, the son-figures are all guilty of original sin. The self-effacement of the son is shown: Georg Bendemann and Gregor Samsa have replaced the father as practical head and breadwinner of the family, and the condemned man on the prison-island has rebelled against mil itary (paternal) authority (Anders 174). The Judgement emphasizes the sons offense, the fathers anger, and the punishment that follows swiftly (180). In The Metamorphosis it is not referred to as an offense, and the metamorphosis is not punishment, it is just simply stated at the beginning (183). Once Gregor changes into a beetle the size of a human being and gradually starves to death is when we see how he is punished when he in fact supported his family. In The Penal Colony, punishment is seen when a man is killed slowly in twelve hours by engraving a sentence into his flesh with a complicated system of vibrating needles (184). Kafkas writing demonstrates his attempts to offset his morbid masochism (Oates 5). Most people think of the terms Kafkan and Kafkaesque refer to his dark tales, but in reality these terms stand for Kafkas cloudy, mysterious, inexplicable method of writing (6). According to Roy Pascal, author of Kafkas Narrators: A Study of His Stories and Sketches, There is a good deal of humor in these early stories, as in the novels and later stories, but it is often ambiguous and can be overlooked (40). Kafka was subtle with humor and preferred to use irony as a method of levity (41). In Kafkas short story entitled, The Judgement, written in 1912, we see one of the unusual uses of irony by Kafka. The central figure, Georg Bendemann, has just gotten into a long and somewhat heated argument with his aging and infirm father. Suddenly Georgs father threw the blankets off with a strength that sent them all flying in a moment and sprang erect in bed. Only one hand touched the ceiling to steady him (Flores and Swander 134). The transformation of the sick father to a grotesque ogre (157) is not only shocking but comically so. Georgs father goes on to kick and yell at Georg extensively. Through this entire barrage and beating from his father the only thought that pops into Georgs head is he has pockets even in his shirt (148) referring to his fathers nights hirt. In The Metamorphosis, Kafka points out the irony of just how far the people involved have fallen out of touch with reality. The reader sees how Gregor brings home the money for his family. Gregors goes from the head of the household to an incompetent beetle. Gregor Samsa, even after his metamorphosis, cannot conceive the possibility of being trapped in his shell, and trying to get out of bed, get dressed, and go to work. Because it is literally a beetle on a bed, the result is hilarious. The reader laughs but realizes at the same instant the Gregor Samsa in now literally as well as figuratively trapped. In his new context, he becomes passive, and disconnected from the reality that he once was a part of. Gregor Samsas beetle body makes an attempt to move: he hears his sisters playing the violin and he promises himself that she will play only to him, and that he will even take advantage of his situation and use his ugly body to ward off anyone who tries to take her from him. He drags his body in to the room where his sister is playing and succeeds in disgusting everyone present; he dies soon after. The huge beetle lumbering about is at once funny, horrifying and sad (Ward 1). Kafka constructed his work from his personal biographical data of his life to comment upon his writings and his writings to comment upon his life (Flores and Swander 228). In the letter to his father he calls the Kafka family situation that terrible trial that is pending between you and ourselves. He also writes about the infinite sense of guilt which his father had instilled in him, adding, He is afraid that the shame of it will outlive him (Rolleston 105). Here he quotes the last sentence of The Trial. Kafkas works are full of commentaries about his own life, his own views, his own perspectives. He deliberately removes the line between truth and fiction. Tongue in cheek, Kafka used his life as blueprints for his works. In doing so, he has played one of the strangest and most daring games a writer ever had played(Pascal 137). By telling of his life as a fable and commenting about his own style, he raised himself to the level of literature.Bibliography: Brod, Max, Franz Kafka, 2d ed. (1960); Citati, Pietro, Kafka (1990); Flores, Angel, ed., The Kafka Debate (1977); Glatzer, N. N., The Loves of Franz Kafka (1985); Gray, Ronald, ed., Kafka: A Collection of Critical Essays (1962); Hayman, Ronald, Kafka (1982); Heller, Erich, Franz Kafka (1975); Karl, Frederick R., Franz Kafka: Representative Man (1992); Lawson, R. H., Franz Kafka (1987); Pawel, E., The Nightmare of Reason: A Life of Franz Kafka (1984); Politzer, Heiny, Franz Kafka: Parable and Paradox (1962); Sokel, Walter H., Franz Kafka (1966); Udoff, Alan, ed., Kafka and the Contemporary Critical Performance (1987Words/ Pages : 2,909 / 24

The US Government Essays - Conservatism In The United States

The US Government William Jefferson Clinton William Jefferson Clinton was born on August 19, 1946, in Hope, Arkansas. His father, William J. Blythe III was killed in an automobile collision just two months before William's birth. At age four, William Jefferson Blythe IV was legally adopted by his mothers second husband, Roger Clinton, making him William Jefferson Clinton. At age 22 William received a Bachelor's degree from Georgetown University. Just five years later, he received his law degree from Yale. Soon after graduating from Yale, he became a law professor at the University of Arkansas. He did not stay in one place for long though, and in 1978 he became the Attorney General of Arkansas. From this political position, he moved higher up in the ranks and in 1978 won the election for the gubernatorial seat of Arkansas. In the 1980 elections, however, William (Bill) was defeated by Republican Frank White. As the youngest governor of Arkansas in 40 years, Bill then became the youngest ex-governor in United States history. During the interim, Clinton was hired by the law firm Wright, Lindsey and Jennings. In the 1982 elections, Mr. Clinton went after the position of governor with renewed vigor and defeated incumbent Republican Frank White. During the campaigning for the election a Time magazine article stated: "If Clinton does win, it could seem like less a comeback than a canny mid-course correction in the path of a young, bright political star." Clinton went on to win the next two gubernatorial elections in the state of Arkansas. In 1988 he had the possibility of a Democratic Party presidential nomination, but he refused to run. Finally, in 1991, Clinton announced that he was going to run for President of the United States. In the 1992 election, Bill Clinton ran against Republican incumbent George Herbert Walker Bush and independent Ross H. Perot. During the campaign, Bill met with some difficulty when the media discovered that he had dodged the Vietnam draft, been unfaithful to his spouse, and smoked marijuana while attending Oxford. Bill placated the liberal-biased media by saying that he didn't believe in the war, and he "didn't inhale." Opposition mounted when reporters discovered that Clinton and his wife, Hillary Rodham, whom he married in 1975, had made some questionable dealings over a piece of real estate referred to commonly as Whitewater. Despite the seemingly insurmountable odds, Clinton won the election, with 46% of voting Americans supporting him. Antonin Scalia, Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia was born March 11, 1936 in an Italian majority section of Trenton, New Jersey. His father, Eugene Scalia was a literary scholar and a professor of Romance Languages at Brooklyn College. His mother was an elementary school teacher. Scalia attended Xavier High School, a Catholic Military academy. He graduated, first in his class, in 1953. One of his good friends once said: "He was brilliant, way above everybody else." He later majored in History at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C., where he again graduated first in his class. Soon after leaving Georgetown, he enrolled in Harvard Law School, where he was known around the campus as an effective debater. From Harvard he earned an LL. B. Degree and in 1960 joined the Cleveland based law firm Jones, Day, Cockly and Reavis. He was one of the most straightforward conservatives on the staff and there too earned a reputation as a debater. Later, President Richard Nixon appointed Scalia to the position of Part-time General Counsel in Executive Office of Telecom Policy. He was confirmed by Congress under the Gerald Ford administration for the position of Assistant Attorney General in charge of the Justice Department's office of legal counsel. At that time his job was mostly to give advice to the President and the Attorney General. In 1977 he became a Professor at the University of Chicago Law School. Antonin Scalia is now an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court. He took his oath in 1986 and is the first Italian-American Supreme Court Justice. He was part of President Ronald Reagan's effort to make the judiciary system more conservative. Mr. Scalia is very outspoken against racially based affirmative action programs and the "Constitutional Right" to abortion. His views are closely related to those of the Reagan administration. Scalia is a very intelligent individual, has an elegant writing style, and has personal charm that makes him an influential member on the Supreme Court. Legislative Department The Legislative Department consists mostly of the House and the Senate, the two parts of Congress. The Senate has 100 members or two per state. The House of Representatives has one representative per 30,000 people in